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Adverse-impact analysis asks whether a selection process produces meaningfully different outcomes across groups.

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The four-fifths rule is one enforcement screening guideline, not a final legal verdict.

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A ratio below the guideline can signal a need for closer examination; a ratio above it does not guarantee that a process is lawful.

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Automated systems may also raise questions about accommodation, data quality, validation, notice, and vendor responsibility.

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Do not treat a single score as proof.

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Preserve your own records, use official guidance, and seek qualified review.

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Transparent systems should be explainable, tested, and connected to the decisions they influence.